These products include fuels like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, which power vehicles and aeroplanes, as well as heating oil for residential and commercial use. Beyond fuels, petroleum products are essential in the production of lubricants, asphalt, and petrochemicals, which serve as the building blocks for plastics, synthetic rubber, and numerous industrial chemicals.
The versatility and widespread application of petroleum products make them critical to modern economies, although their extraction, processing, and use have significant environmental impacts, contributing to air pollution and climate change. Advances in technology and a growing focus on sustainability are driving efforts to reduce reliance on petroleum products by developing alternative energy sources and improving energy efficiency.